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этимология

Что (кто) такое reciprocity failure - определение

IN PHOTOGRAPHY, THE INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INTENSITY AND DURATION OF LIGHT THAT DETERMINES THE REACTION OF LIGHT-SENSITIVE MATERIAL

Reciprocity failure; Schwarzschild effect; Reciprocal failure; Schwarzschild law

Reciprocity (photography)

In photography, reciprocity is the inverse relationship between the intensity and duration of light that determines the reaction of light-sensitive material. Within a normal exposure range for film stock, for example, the reciprocity law states that the film response will be determined by the total exposure, defined as intensity × time.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography)

Reciprocity (social psychology)

SOCIAL NORM OF RESPONDING TO A POSITIVE ACTION WITH ANOTHER POSITIVE ACTION, REWARDING KIND ACTIONS

Reciprocity norm (negotiation); Social reciprocity; Social Reciprocity; Reciprocity heuristic

In social psychology, reciprocity is a social norm of responding to a positive action with another positive action, rewarding kind actions. As a social construct, reciprocity means that in response to friendly actions, people are frequently much nicer and much more cooperative than predicted by the self-interest model; conversely, in response to hostile actions they are frequently much more nasty and even brutal.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(social_psychology)

Quadratic reciprocity

THEOREM

Law of quadratic reciprocity; Quadratic reciprocity rule; Aureum Theorema; Law of Quadratic Reciprocity; Quadratic reciprocity law; Quadratic reciprocity theorem; Quadratic Reciprocity; Qr theorem

In number theory, the law of quadratic reciprocity is a theorem about modular arithmetic that gives conditions for the solvability of quadratic equations modulo prime numbers. Due to its subtlety, it has many formulations, but the most standard statement is:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_reciprocity

Википедия

Reciprocity (photography)

In photography, reciprocity is the inverse relationship between the intensity and duration of light that determines the reaction of light-sensitive material. Within a normal exposure range for film stock, for example, the reciprocity law states that the film response will be determined by the total exposure, defined as intensity × time. Therefore, the same response (for example, the optical density of the developed film) can result from reducing duration and increasing light intensity, and vice versa.

The reciprocal relationship is assumed in most sensitometry, for example when measuring a Hurter and Driffield curve (optical density versus logarithm of total exposure) for a photographic emulsion. Total exposure of the film or sensor, the product of focal-plane illuminance times exposure time, is measured in lux seconds.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity (photography)